The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.